Como ocorreu o processo de término da carreira esportiva de ex-atletas de futebol que disputaram copas do mundo pelo Brasil entre 1966 e 1982? / How did the process of ending the sports career of ex-soccer athletes who played the world cups for Brazil between 1966 and 1982? / ¿Cómo ocurrió el proceso de término de la carrera deportiva de ex atletas de fútbol que disputaron copas del mundo por Brasil entre 1966 y 1982?

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o término da carreira de ex-atletas de futebol que disputaram Copas do Mundo pelo Brasil entre 1966 e 1982. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis ex-atletas. As entrevistas foram analisadas por meio de miniunidades. O conteúdo das entrevistas foi organizado em cinco categorias. Os resultados apontam que os ex-atletas não tiveram acesso a uma estrutura profissional para planejar o término da carreira. Eles não conseguiram conciliar a carreira esportiva com os estudos. Foram citados como motivos para o término da carreira: a saturação psicológica, lesões e idade avançada. Os entrevistados tiveram diversas ocupações no pós-carreira, muitas delas relacionadas com o meio esportivo. A família foi a maior fonte de apoio durante o término da carreira. Conclui-se que as causas da aposentadoria dos entrevistados foram multifatoriais e que os ex-atletas não tiveram uma um planejamento estruturado para o término da carreira esportiva.

This study aimed to analyze the end of the career of former soccer players who competed in World Cup for Brazil between 1966 and 1982. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six former athletes. The interviews were analyzed by means of meaning-units. The content of the interview was organized into five categories. The results indicate that the former athletes did not have access to a professional structure to plan for after the end of their career. They failed to reconcile their sports career with their studies. The described reasons for the end of careers included psychological saturation, injuries, and old age. The interviewees had several post-career occupations, many of them related to the sports environment. Their families were the greatest source of support during the end of their careers. It is concluded that the causes of the retirement of the interviewees were multifactorial, and that the former athletes did not have a structured plan for after the end of their sports career.

El propósito del estudio fue analizar el término de la carrera de ex atletas de fútbol que disputaron Copas del Mundo por Brasil entre 1966 y 1982. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con seis ex atletas. Las entrevistas se analizaron por medio de miniunidades. El contenido de la entrevista se organizó en cinco categorías. Los resultados apuntan que los ex atletas no tuvieron acceso a una estructura profesional para planificar el término de la carrera. Ellos no consiguieron conciliar la carrera deportiva con los estudios. Los motivos mencionados para el término de la carrera fueron: la saturación psicológica, lesiones y edad avanzada. Los entrevistados tuvieron diversas ocupaciones en el periodo posterior a la carrera, muchas de ellas relacionadas con el medio deportivo. La familia fue la mayor fuente de apoyo durante el término de la carrera. Se concluye que las causas de la jubilación de los entrevistados fueron multifactoriales y que los ex atletas no tuvieron una planificación estructurada para el término de la carrera deportiva.

A Síndrome de Burnout no esporte brasileiro / The sport Burnout Syndrome in Brazil

A síndrome de Burnout é considerada uma reação ao estresse crônico e possui como principais características a exaustão emocional, o reduzido senso de realização e a despersonalização. O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em revisar as pesquisas referentes à síndrome no ambiente esportivo brasileiro. O método empregado para a seleção dos trabalhos consistiu na busca eletrônica nas bases de dados computadorizados do portal de periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e na procura por citações em artigos identificados na busca eletrônica publicados até maio de 2011. Foram encontradas oito pesquisas relacionadas à síndrome de Burnout no cenário esportivo brasileiro, as quais foram classificadas em três temas para discussão: (a) implicações do Burnout no treinamento esportivo; (b) instrumento psicométrico de mensuração; e (c) manifestação do Burnout em atletas e treinadores. Concluiu-se que existe uma carência de investigações científicas sobre o Burnout no ambiente esportivo brasileiro.

Burnout syndrome, considered a reaction to chronic stress, has as its main characteristics emotional exhaustion, a reduced sense of achievement, and depersonalization. The aim of this research consisted in revising the studies concerning this syndrome in the Brazilian sports environment. The method used to select the published work consisted of researching computer data bases of journals from the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), and searching the citations found in these data bases published until may 2011. No empirical studies were found with respect to Burnout in referees and fitness coaches. Eight researches were found and classified into three topics for discussion: (a) implications of Burnout on sport training; (b) psychometric instrument for measuring (c) manifestation of Burnout in athletes and coaches. It was concluded that there is a lack of researches about Burnout in the Brazilian sport environment.

Análise da qualidade de vida de professores e alunos de musculação: um estudo comparativo / Analysis of quality of life of teachers and students of bodybuilding: a comparative stud

O principal argumento teórico para a inclusão da atividade física nos programas de promoção da saúde e da qualidade de vida é o paradigma contemporâneo do "estilo de vida ativo". Vários estudos têm mostrado os benefícios do treinamento de força para uma melhor mobilidade e realização das atividades diárias (alimentar-se, vestir-se, banhar-se, locomover-se, etc.) de maneira independente. O objetivo do trabalho foi comparar a percepção de qualidade de vida de professores e alunos de musculação. Participaram do estudo 33 professores e 44 alunos, de ambos os sexos. Foram utilizados um questionário de dados demográficos e o WHOQOL-bref. De modo geral, a maior parte do grupo avaliou sua qualidade de vida como boa ou muito boa (90,9%). Os escores do grupo Professor foram superiores aos valores do grupo Aluno para os domínios Físico e Psicológico. Não houve diferença entre os grupos para o Domínio Social e para a Qualidade de Vida Global. O grupo Aluno teve escore superior para o Domínio Ambiental. Ambos os grupos apresentaram um alto grau de satisfação com os resultados da prática da musculação. A hipótese de que condições de vida e de trabalho, bem como o papel exercido por professores e alunos na academia seriam capazes de influenciar a percepção de qualidade de vida diferenciando estes grupos foi parcialmente confirmada, porém a hipótese de que os alunos teriam maiores escores de qualidade de vida não foi confirmada.

The main theoretical argument for the inclusion of physical activity programs to promote health and quality of life is the contemporary paradigm of the "active lifestyle". Several studies have shown the benefits of strength training for better mobility and daily activities (eating, dressing, bathing, moving around, etc.) independently. The objective was to compare the perceived quality of life for teachers and students of weight training. The study included 33 teachers and 44 students of both sexes. We used a demographic questionnaire and the WHOQOL-bref. In general, the most of the group rated their quality of life as good or very good (90.9%). The scores from the Teacher group were higher than the Student group for the physical and psychological domains. There was no difference between groups for the Social Domain and the Global Quality of Life. The Student group had higher scores for the Environmental Domain. Both groups showed a high degree of satisfaction with the results of practicing weight training. The hypothesis that living and working as well as the role played by teachers and students at the academy would be able to influence the perception of quality of life differentiating these groups was partially confirmed, but the hypothesis that students would have higher scores quality of life has not been confirmed.

Negative addiction to exercise: are there differences between genders?

INTRODUCTION: Regular physical exercise has numerous benefits. However, there is a subset of the exercising population who may develop a compulsion to exercise excessively and who may, as a consequence, display physiological and psychological changes that have a direct influence on their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine if there are differences between male and female athletes' scores on measures of negative addiction symptoms, quality of life, mood and sleep. METHODS: 144 female and 156 male athletes participated in this study by answering the following questionnaires: Negative Addiction Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Trait Anxiety Inventory, Profile of Mood States, SF-36 Quality of Life, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RESULTS: Higher dedication to training sessions in the male group, and members of the female group with symptoms of negative addiction to exercise showed a lower score on vigor observed by the Profile of Mood States compared to the males in both situations. We also observed depression symptoms in both members of groups who had negative addiction symptoms when compared with their peers without symptoms, and these figures were even higher in females compared with the male group in the same situation. CONCLUSION: No differences were seen in the development of negative addiction exercise symptoms in males and females and there were no changes in the quality of life and mood of these athletes. Further studies of eating disorders associated with changes in body image perception could contribute to a better understanding of negative addiction to exercise.

Negative addiction to exercise: are there differences between genders?

INTRODUCTION: Regular physical exercise has numerous benefits. However, there is a subset of the exercising population who may develop a compulsion to exercise excessively and who may, as a consequence, display physiological and psychological changes that have a direct influence on their quality of life. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine if there are differences between male and female athletes' scores on measures of negative addiction symptoms, quality of life, mood and sleep. METHODS: 144 female and 156 male athletes participated in this study by answering the following questionnaires: Negative Addiction Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Trait Anxiety Inventory, Profile of Mood States, SF-36 Quality of Life, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RESULTS: Higher dedication to training sessions in the male group, and members of the female group with symptoms of negative addiction to exercise showed a lower score on vigor observed by the Profile of Mood States compared to the males in both situations. We also observed depression symptoms in both members of groups who had negative addiction symptoms when compared with their peers without symptoms, and these figures were even higher in females compared with the male group in the same situation. CONCLUSION: No differences were seen in the development of negative addiction exercise symptoms in males and females and there were no changes in the quality of life and mood of these athletes. Further studies of eating disorders associated with changes in body image perception could contribute to a better understanding of negative addiction to exercise.

Análise das transições das carreiras de ex-atletas de alto nível / Analysis of former high level athletes careers transitions

A prática voluntária e plurianual de uma atividade esportiva, com o objetivo de alcançar altos níveis de desempenho, é um dos determinantes da formação da carreira esportiva. Essa é dividida em períodos que são caracterizados por transições até atingir a aposentadoria. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as transições das carreiras esportivas de seis atletas de várias modalidades. O apoio da família e os motivos que levaram esses atletas a permanecerem na prática esportiva foram alguns fatores determinantes. No entanto, os conflitos para a realização da prática e a falta de planejamento dessas carreiras foram dificultadores para o ótimo desenvolvimento das mesmas. Conclui-se que o término das carreiras esportivas ocorreu de forma planejada.

The volunteer practice and multi-year of a sporting activity, with the objective of reaching high levels of performance, is one of the determinants of the formation of the sporting career. That is divided in periods that are characterized by transitions up to reaching the retirement. The objective of the study was to analyze the transitions of the sporting careers of six athletes of several kinds of sports. The support of the family and the motives that made these athletes keep in sporting practice, were some determinative factors. However, the conflicts for the realization of the practice and the lack of planning of these careers were barriers to their optimum development. It was possible to conclude that the end of the sporting careers happened in a planned way.